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The system needs to be created so that the fuel will burn as entirely as possible. The design should enable as much of the heat produced as possible to enter the water. The system should allow as little heat as possible to leave unused.  Read This  of any hot-water system is the firebox or combustion chamber.

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The most typical issue with home-built hot-water systems is a poorly designed firebox. Unfortunately this is also among the most difficult issues to correct without redesign and restoring the firebox. To appreciate the need for a properly designed firebox, it is necessary to comprehend how wood burns. Combustion (burning) is a procedure in which oxygen combines chemically with the fuel, launching heat.

When started, however, the reaction can be self-reliant. The majority of people understand that fuel and oxygen are required for burning to happen. Many do not understand, however, that heat is likewise required. Lots of issues in hot-water heater can be traced to inadequate heat in the combustion chamber. The 2 main elements of wood are cellulose and lignin.

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As the temperature of wood is raised, some of the unpredictable products found in the wood water, waxes, and oils begin to boil off. At about 540F, the heat will cause the atomic bonds in a few of the wood molecules to break. When the heat breaks the bonds that hold together the atoms that make up lignin or cellulose, brand-new substances are formed compounds not originally found in the wood.

These new compounds might be gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide gas, carbon dioxide, and methane or they may be liquids and semisolids such as tars, pyrolitic acids, and creosote. These liquids, in the type of little droplets and semisolid particles, together with water vapor make up smoke. Smoke that heads out the stack (chimney) unburned is squandered fuel.

At temperatures between 700 and 1,100 F (depending upon the proportions present) oxygen will unite with the gases and tars to produce heat. When this takes place, self-reliant combustion takes location. At some point during the burning of a piece of wood, all the tars and gases will have been repelled.